Presidents of the Philippines

The President of the Philippines, under the 1987 Philippine Constitution, is both the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. There have been 16 presidents of the Philippines since 1898, including the one installed by the Imperial Japan during World War II (see Jose P. Laurel).

File:PhilippinePresidentialSeal.png

Seal of the President of the Philippines.

(Also see the knowledge database on Philippine Presidents)

History of Philippine Heads of State

Before Spaniards arrived in the Philippines, the archipelago was not a unified nation. Rather, it was splintered into different barangays headed by a datu. These barangays were independent of one another, although some barangays united to form a confederation. In the barangays, the datu was leader, lawmaker, and judge. Although he often had a council of elders as his advisers, the datu’s word was law. After the Spanish conquest, the King of Spain became the de jure head of state of the country, represented by his Governor-General. After Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States of America for 20 million dollars, the head of state became the President of the United States, also represented by the American Governor-General. When the Filipinos fought for and achieved their independence, they elected their own Presidents.

Constitutional Succession

Color Legend
	(no party affiliation)
	Nacionalista
	Liberal
	Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
	United Nationalists Democratic Organizations
	Lakas-Kampi CMD
	Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino

Counting of the order of terms and constitutional succession to the presidency starts with Manuel L. Quezon, the first President of the Philippine Commonwealth, although he led a nation still under American sovereignty. Two Presidents were deposed by EDSA Revolutions, but their successors are counted in the order of terms.

Emilio Aguinaldo was the first to assume the title of President, but his Malolos Republic was not recognized by other nations at the time of its existence, so he is not considered to be in the line of Constitutional succession and not counted in the order of terms. Neither is Jose P. Laurel, who was considered to have been a puppet president of a puppet government of the Japanese occupation. Nevertheless, they are still recognized as Philippine Presidents, especially Aguinaldo, whom most Filipinos consider the first Filipino president.

The colors indicate the political party or coalition of each President on the day of election.

List

No.	President (Lifespan)			Party	Term of office (Length of tenure)	Election	Vice president (Party; term of office, if different with president's)		Era
1			Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964)	NoneTemplate:Efn	January 23, 1899–March 23, 1901Template:Efn (Template:Age in years and days)	1899	NoneTemplate:Efn		First Republic
American Governor-Generals									U.S. military government
									U.S. Insular Government
2	rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color" |		Manuel L. Quezon (1878–1944)	Nacionalista	November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944Template:Efn (Template:Age in years and days)	1935	rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color" |	Sergio Osmeña (Nacionalista)	Commonwealth
	1941
3	bgcolor="Template:KALIBAPI/meta/color" |		Jose P. Laurel (1891–1959)	KALIBAPI	October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945Template:Efn (Template:Age in years and days)	1943	NoneTemplate:Efn		Second Republic
4	bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color"|		Sergio Osmeña (1878–1961)	Nacionalista	August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946 (Template:Age in years and days)	1941	VacantTemplate:Efn		Commonwealth
5	rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color"|		Manuel Roxas (1892–1948)	Nacionalista's Liberal wing, later Liberal	May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948Template:Efn (Template:Age in years and days)	1946	rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color"|	Elpidio Quirino (Nacionalista's Liberal wing, later Liberal)
	Third Republic
6		rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color" |		Elpidio Quirino (1890–1956)	Liberal		April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953 (Template:Age in years and days)	VacantTemplate:Efn
		1949				bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color"|		Fernando Lopez (Liberal, later Democratic; 1949–1953)
						bgcolor="Template:Democratic Party (Philippines)/meta/color"|
7		bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color"|		Ramon Magsaysay (1907–1957)	Nacionalista	December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957Template:Efn (Template:Age in years and days)	1953	bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color"|	Carlos P. Garcia (Nacionalista)
8		rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color" |		Carlos P. Garcia (1896–1971)	Nacionalista	March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961 (Template:Age in years and days)		VacantTemplate:Efn
		1957					bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color"|	Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal; 1957–1961)
9		rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color" |		Diosdado Macapagal (1910–1997)	Liberal	December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965 (Template:Age in years and days)	1961	bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color"|	Emmanuel Pelaez (Liberal, later Nacionalista)
		bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color" |
10		rowspan="5" bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color" |		Ferdinand Marcos (1917–1989)	Nacionalista, later KBL	December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986Template:Efn (Template:Age in years and days)	1965	rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color" |	Fernando Lopez (Nacionalista; 1965–1972)
		1969
	NoneTemplate:Efn						Marcos dictatorship
								1973Template:Efn
								1977Template:Efn
							rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:Kilusang Bagong Lipunan/meta/color" |		New Society
							1981	Fourth Republic
	VacantTemplate:Efn
11	rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:United Nationalist Democratic Organization/meta/color"|		Corazon Aquino (1933–2009)	UNIDO, later independent	February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992 (Template:Age in years and days)	1986	rowspan="3" bgcolor="Template:United Nationalist Democratic Organization/meta/color"|		Salvador Laurel (UNIDO, later Nacionalista)
	Provisional Government
	Fifth Republic
							bgcolor="Template:Independent/meta/color"|	bgcolor="Template:Nacionalista Party/meta/color"|
12		rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Lakas-NUCD/meta/color"|		Fidel V. Ramos (born 1928)	Lakas	June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998 (Template:Age in years and days)	1992	bgcolor="Template:Nationalist People's Coalition/meta/color"|	Joseph Estrada (NPC, later LAMMP)
		bgcolor="Template:Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino/meta/color"|
13		bgcolor="Template:Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino/meta/color"|		Joseph Estrada (born 1937)	LAMMP	June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001Template:Efn (Template:Age in years and days)	1998	bgcolor="Template:Lakas-NUCD/meta/color"|	Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas)
14		rowspan="4" bgcolor="Template:Lakas-NUCD/meta/color" |		Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (born 1947)	Lakas, later Lakas–Kampi	January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010 (Template:Age in years and days)		Vacant
		bgcolor="Template:Lakas-NUCD/meta/color"|						Teofisto Guingona Jr. (Lakas, later independent; 2001–2004)
		bgcolor="Template:Independent/meta/color"|
		2004					bgcolor="Template:Independent/meta/color"|	Noli de Castro (Independent; 2004–2010)
15		rowspan="2" bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color"|		Benigno Aquino III (born 1960)	Liberal	June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016 (Template:Age in years and days)	2010	bgcolor="Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color"|	Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban, later UNA)
		bgcolor="Template:United Nationalist Alliance/meta/color"|
16		bgcolor="Template:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan/meta/color"|		Rodrigo Duterte (born 1945)	PDP–Laban	June 30, 2016 – present (Template:Age in years and days)	2016	bgcolor="Template:Liberal Party (Philippines)/meta/color"|	Leni Robredo (Liberal)

Statistics

• Presidents who headed revolutionary governments
  1. Emilio Aguinaldo (1941)
  2. Corazon C. Aquino (1986)

• Presidents who became President after predecessor was deposed through EDSA Revolution
  1. Corazon C. Aquino (1986)
  2. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001)

• Vice Presidents who succeeded to the Presidency
  1. Sergio Osmeña (1944)
  2. Elpidio Quirino (1948)
  3. Carlos P. Garcia (1957)
  4. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001)

• Vice Presidents who were later elected President
  1. Elpidio Quirino (1948)
  2. Carlos P. Garcia (1957)
  3. Joseph Ejercito Estrada (1998)
  4. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001)

• Presidents who were elected after serving the remaining term of predecessor
  1. Elpidio Quirino (1949)
  2. Carlos P. Garcia (1957)
  3. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001)

• Presidents who were re-elected
  1. Manuel L. Quezon (1941)
  2. Ferdinand E. Marcos (1969, 1981, 1986)

• Longest serving President: Ferdinand Marcos (5,259 days)
• Shortest serving President: Jose P. Laurel (479 days)

References

• Office of the President of the Philippines
• The Philippine Presidency Project

See also

• Vice President of the Philippines
• List of Vice Presidents of the Philippines
• Prime Minister of the Philippines (presently defunct)
• Seal of the President of the Philippines

Citation

Original content from WikiPilipinas. under GNU Free Documentation License. See full disclaimer.