Portal:Government and Politics/Topic outline

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Philippine Government and Politics The Philippine Government is composed of a framework of presidential, representative, and democratic republic where the president is both the head of state and the head of government within a multi-party system. This system revolves around three separate and sovereign yet interdependent branches: the legislative branch (the law-making body), the executive branch (the law-enforcing body), and the judicial branch (the law-interpreting body). NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES The Republic of the Philippines has a representative democracy modeled after the system of government of the United States of America. The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines, adopted during the Corazon Aquino administration, re-established a presidential system of government with a bicameral legislature and an independent judiciary. Executive branch The executive branch is headed by the President, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who functions as both the head of state and the head of government. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The president is elected by popular vote to a term of 6 years. The president, then, appoints his/her cabinet members whom she presides over. The executive seat of government is administered officially from Malacañang Palace - also the official residence of the president - in the capital City of Manila. The President may no longer run for re-election, unless he/she becomes president through constitutional succession and has served for no more than 4 years as president. The second highest official, Vice-President Noli de Castro, is also elected by popular vote. The vice-president is second in line to succession should the president resign, be impeached or die in office. The vice-president usually, though not always, may be a member of the president's cabinet. Legislative branch The bicameral Congress of the Philippines consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives; members of both are elected by popular vote. The Senate is elected at large. There are currently 24 senators. Of a possible 250 members of the House of Representatives, 206 are elected from the single-member districts. The remainder of the House seats are designated for party-list representatives elected at large through a complex "party list" system. The upper house is located in Pasay City, while the lower house is located in Quezon City. Senators are elected with a term of six years. The district and sectoral representatives are elected with a term of three years. Judiciary The Judiciary is headed by the Supreme Court, which has a Chief Justice as its head and 14 Associate Justices, all appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council. LOCAL GOVERNMENT The Philippines is divided into a hierarchy of local government units (LGUs) with the province as the primary unit. All provinces are grouped into 17 regions for administrative convenience. Provinces are further subdivided into cities and municipalities, which are in turn, composed of barangays, the smallest local government units. A Philippine province is headed by a Governor. The Provincial Council is composed of the Vice Governors and Provincial Board Members. A Philippine city and municipality is headed by a Mayor and a Vice Mayor. The City Council is composed of the Vice Mayor (as Presiding Officer) and Councilors. A barangay is headed by a Barangay Captain who is also the presiding officer of the barangay council composed of kagawads. A similar unit called Youth Council is headed by a SK Chairperson who had similar rank of a Barangay Captain. Philippine Government Executive Department President Executive Orders, Presidential Decrees, and Presidential Proclamations Vice President Presidential Spouse Departments Cabinet Members Bureaus Agencies Government Owned and Controlled Corporations State Universities and Colleges Local Government Units Regions Provinces Governors Vice-Governors Sangguniang Panlalawigan Cities Municipalities Mayors Vice-Mayors Sangguniang Bayan Barangays Sangguniang Kabataan Military and Police Armed Forces of the Philippines Philippine Army Philippine Navy Philippine Air Force Reserves Philippine Military Academy Intelligence Special Forces Military Personnel Military Facilities Military Units and Formations Military Ranks Weapons and Equipment Philippine National Police Philippine National Police Academy National Bureau of Investigation Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Presidential Anti-Crime Commission Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force Legislative Department Congress The Philippine Senate Senators Senate Presidents Senate Committees House of Representatives Congressmen District Representatives Party-List Representatives Speakers of the House House Committees Legislative Acts Republic Acts (1987 to Present) Batas Pambansa (1979 to 1985) Commonwealth Acts (1935 to 1946) Acts (1901 to 1935) Judicial Department The Supreme Court Chief Justices Associate Justices Supreme Court Decisions and Resolutions Court of Appeals Sandiganbayan Regional Trial Courts Municipal Courts Shariah Courts Constitution and Laws The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. [1987] Philippine Laws Major Areas of Philippine Laws Political Law Civil Law Criminal Law Remedial Law Mercantile Law Labor and Social Legislation Taxation Law Legal and Judicial Ethics Shariah Law Natural Resources Law Jurisprudence History of Philippine Laws Old Laws Tribal and Traditional Laws Non-government Organizations in the Philippines UN Agencies Humanitarian organizations Labor groups Agricultural reform groups Civic groups Philippine Politics Politicians Presidents Vice Presidents Senators Congressmen Governors Vice Governors Sangguniang Panlalawigan Mayors Vice Mayors Sangguniang Bayan Barangay Captain Barangay Council Sangguniang Kabataan Chairmen Sangguniang Kabataan Councilors Famous Political Figures Political Groups Administration coalitions Opposition coalitions Unaffiliated parties Major Party-list groups Leftists Separatists Right-wing Political clans Elections Elections in the Philippines Commission on Elections Foreign Relations Embassies Ambassadors of the Philippines Ambassadors to the Philippines Diplomatic Missions List of Philippine Embassies Participation in international organizations Consular offices Overseas Employment Espionage Political Events Public Holidays Philippine Revolution Independence Day Philippine American War Martial Law EDSA Revolutions Coup d’Etats Oakwood Mutiny Manila Pen Siege Political Killings Ninoy Aquino Assassination Gomburza Execution Rizal Execution Bonifacio Execution Rallies and Demonstrations Mendiola Massacres Plaza Miranda Bombing Controversies NBN Deal Impeachment Trials Congressional Investigations Memorable Moments in Congress Newsmakers Venues of Political Events Mendiola Plaza Miranda EDSA Ayala Luneta Quirino Grandstand Malacanang Palace

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