March 18

From WikiPilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia

March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). There are 288 days remaining in the year.

[edit] Events

• 3952 BC - According to the Venerable Bede, the world was created.
• 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Caligula emperor.
• 731 - Saint Gregory III begins his reign as Pope.
• 1229 - Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor declares himself King of Jerusalem during the Sixth Crusade.
• 1241 - Kraków is ravaged by Mongols.
• 1314 - Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar is burned at the stake.
• 1438 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Germany.
• 1608 - Susenyos is formally crowned Emperor of Ethiopia
• 1673 - John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton sells his part of New Jersey to some Friends (Quakers).
• 1766 - American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act, which was very unpopular in the British colonies.
• 1793 - The first republican state in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann
• 1850 - American Express is founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo.
• 1865 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
• 1871 - Declaration of the Paris Commune; President of the French Republic Adolphe Thiers orders evacuation of Paris.
• 1874 - Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trading rights.
• 1893 - Former Governor General Lord Stanley pledges to donate a silver challenge cup, later named after him, as an award for the best ice hockey team in Canada; originally presented to amateur champions, the Stanley Cup has been awarded to the top pro team since 1910, and since 1926, only to National Hockey League teams.
• 1900 - Dutch Football Club, AFC Ajax is founded.
• 1906 - Traian Vuia flies a self-propelled heavier-than-air aircraft.
• 1909 - Einar Dessau uses a short-wave radio transmitter, becoming the first radio broadcaster.
• 1913 - King George I of Greece is assassinated in the recently liberated city of Thessaloniki.
• 1915 - World War I: Massive naval attack in Battle of Gallipoli. Three battleships are sunk during a failed British & French naval attack on the Dardanelles.
• 1921 - The second Peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Union.
• 1922 - In India, Mohandas Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for civil disobedience. He would serve only 2 years.
• 1922 - The first public celebration of Bat mitzvah, for the daughter of Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, is held in New York City.
• 1925 - The Tri-State Tornado hits the Midwestern states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people.
• 1937 - The New London School explosion kills three hundred, mostly children.
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces hand Italian forces a grave defeat at the Battle of Guadalajara.
• 1938 - Mexico nationalizes all foreign-owned oil properties within its borders.
• 1940 - World War II: Axis Powers - Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet at Brenner Pass in the Alps and agree to form an alliance against France and the United Kingdom.
• 1945 - World War II: 1,250 American bombers attack Berlin.
• 1953 - An earthquake hits western Turkey, killing 250.
• 1959 - American President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law allowing for Hawaiian statehood, which would become official on August 21.
• 1962 - The Evian Accords puts an end to the Algerian War of Independence, which began in 1954.
• 1965 - Cosmonaut Aleksei Leonov, leaving his spacecraft Voskhod 2 for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to walk in space.
• 1967 - Supertanker Torrey Canyon runs aground off the Cornish coast.
• 1968 - Gold standard: The U.S. Congress repeals the requirement for a gold reserve to back US currency.
• 1970 - Lon Nol ousts Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.
• 1971 - A landslide at Chungar, Peru crashes into Lake Yanahuani killing 200.
• 1974 - Oil embargo crisis: Most OPEC nations end a five-month oil embargo against the United States, Europe and Japan.
• 1980 - On Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, 50 people are killed at an explosion of a Vostok-2M rocket on its launch pad during a fueling operation.
• 1985 - Australian long running series, Neighbours airs its first episode.
• 1989 - In Egypt, a 4,400-year-old mummy is found in the Pyramid of Cheops.
• 1990 - In largest art theft in US history, 12 paintings, collectively worth around $300 million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts.
• 1997 - The tail of a Russian Antonov An-24 charter plane breaks off while en-route to Turkey causing the plane to crash and killing all 50 on board and leading to the grounding of all An-24s.
• 2003 - US enters war in Iraq. About $1 billion was taken from Iraq's Central Bank by Saddam Hussein and his family, just hours before the United States began bombing Iraq, biggest bank robbery in history. [1]
• 2003 - FBI agents raid the corporate headquarters of HealthSouth Corporation in Birmingham, Alabama on suspicion of massive corporate fraud led by the company's top executives.
• 2003 - British Sign Language is recognised as an official British language.
• 2005 - The first-ever Muslim Friday prayer led by a woman in a mixed-gender congregation is held in New York City, marking a break with a 1426-year Islamic tradition.
• 2005 - Terri Schiavo's feeding tube is removed at the request of her husband, fueling a worldwide debate on euthanasia.

[edit] Births

• 1395 - John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, English military leader (d. 1447)
• 1496 - Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England and queen consort of Louis XII of France (d. 1533)
• 1555 - François, Duke of Anjou (d. 1584)
• 1590 - Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (d. 1649)
• 1602 - Jacques de Billy, French mathematician (d. 1679)
• 1603 - Simon Bradstreet, Massachusetts Bay colonist (d. 1693)
• 1634 - Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, comtesse de la Fayette, French writer (d. 1693)
• 1640 - Philippe de la Hire, French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1719)
• 1657 - Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian composer (d. 1743)
• 1679 - Matthew Decker, English merchant and writer (d. 1759)
• 1685 - Ralph Ersine, Scottish minister (d. 1752)
• 1690 - Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (d. 1764)
• 1701 - Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant and philanthropist (d. 1776)
• 1780 - Milos Obrenovic, Leader of The Second Serbian Uprising and Prince of Serbia (d. 1860)
• 1782 - John C. Calhoun, Vice President of the United States (d. 1850)
• 1813 - Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German writer (d. 1864)
• 1823 - Antoine Eugène Alfred Chanzy, French general (d. 1883)
• 1828 - William Randal Cremer, English politician and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1908)
• 1837 - Grover Cleveland, President of the United States (d. 1908)
• 1840 - William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (d. 1901)
• 1842 - Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (d. 1898)
• 1844 - Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer (d. 1908)
• 1858 - Rudolf Diesel, German inventor (d. 1913)
• 1869 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
• 1872 - Anna Held, Polish actress and singer (d. 1918)
• 1874 - Nikolai Berdyaev, Russian philosopher (d. 1948)
• 1877 - Edgar Cayce, American psychic (d. 1945)
• 1877 - Clem Hill, Australian cricketer (d. 1945)
• 1882 - Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer (d. 1973)
• 1886 - Edward Everett Horton, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1898 - Jake Swirbul, American aircraft manufacturer (d. 1960)
• 1893 - Costante Girardengo, Italian cylist (d. 1978)
• 1893 - Wilfred Owen, poet (d. 1918)
• 1899 - Jean Goldkette, Greek-born jazz musician (d. 1962)
• 1904 - Srečko Kosovel, Slovenian poet (d. 1926)
• 1905 - Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)
• 1905 - Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (d. 1985)
• 1907 - John Zachary Young, biologist (d. 1997)
• 1909 - Ernest Gallo, American winemaker (d. 2007)
• 1910 - Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (d. 1988)
• 1911 - Smiley Burnette, American singer and songwriter (d. 1967)
• 1913 - Werner Molders German WWII pilot (d. 1941)
• 1913 - René Clément, French film director and screenwriter (d. 1996)
• 1915 - Richard Condon, American novelist (d. 1996)
• 1918 - Al Benton, American baseball player (d. 1968)
• 1918 - Bob Broeg, American sports writer (d. 2005)
• 1922 - Egon Bahr, German politician
• 1923 - Andy Granatelli, American motorsports entrepeneur
• 1926 - Peter Graves, American actor
• 1926 - Dick Littlefield, American baseball player (d. 1997)
• 1927 - John Kander, American songwriter
• 1927 - George Plimpton, American writer and actor (d. 2003)
• 1928 - Julia Mullock, Princess of Korea
• 1928 - Miguel Poblet, Spanish cyclist
• 1928 - Fidel V. Ramos, President of the Philippines
• 1930 - Pat Halcox, British musician
• 1931 - John Fraser, Scottish-born stage, film and televison actor
• 1932 - John Updike, American author
• 1935 - Ole Barndorff-Nielsen, Danish mathematician
• 1936 - Frederik Willem de Klerk, President of South Africa, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1937 - Mark Donohue, American race car driver (d. 1975)
• 1937 - Rudi Altig, German cyclist
• 1938 - Charley Pride, American musician
• 1939 - Giannis Markopoulos, Greek composer
• 1941 - Wilson Pickett, American singer (d. 2006)
• 1943 - Kevin Dobson, American actor
• 1947 - B.J. Wilson, English drummer (d. 1990)
• 1947 - Patrick Chesnais, French actor
• 1947 - Patrick Barlow, English actor, comedian and playwright
• 1948 - Guy Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1949 - Alex Higgins, Northern Irish snooker player
• 1949 - Åse Kleveland, Norwegian singer and politician
• 1950 - Brad Dourif, American actor
• 1951 - Bill Frisell, American jazz musician
• 1951 - Ben Cohen, American co-founder of Ben & Jerry's ice cream
• 1952 - Mike Webster, American football player (d. 2002)
• 1956 - Ingemar Stenmark, Swedish skier
• 1957 - György Pazdera, Hungarian bassist (Pokolgép)
• 1959 - Luc Besson, French producer, writer, and director
• 1959 - Irene Cara, American actress and singer
• 1960 - Richard Biggs, American actor (d. 2004)
• 1960 - Guy Carbonneau, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
• 1962 - Thomas Ian Griffith, American actor
• 1962 - James McMurtry, American folk singer/songwriter
• 1962 - Mike Rowe, American television personality
• 1963 - Jeff LaBar, American guitarist
• 1963 - Vanessa L. Williams, American beauty queen, actress, and singer
• 1964 - Bonnie Blair, American speed skater
• 1964 - Courtney Pine, British jazz saxophonist
• 1964 - Rozalla, Zambian singer
• 1966 - Jerry Cantrell, American musician
• 1967 - Miki Berenyi, British singer
• 1967 - Lester Jackson, Founder of Techlinks.com
• 1968 - Shinichiro Miki, Japanese seiyu (voice actor)
• 1969 - Vassily Ivanchuk, Ukrainian chess player
• 1969 - Shaun Udal, English cricketer
• 1970 - Queen Latifah, American singer and actress
• 1972 - Dane Cook, American comedian
• 1973 - Max Barry, Australian author
• 1975 - Brian Griese, American football player
• 1975 - Tomas Žvirgždauskas, Lithuanian footballer
• 1975 - Sutton Foster, American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1976 - Tomokazu Ohka, Japanese baseball player
• 1976 - Jovan Kirovski, American soccer player
• 1977 - Danny Murphy, English footballer
• 1977 - Zdeno Chára, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1977 - Devin Lima, American singer
• 1977 - Willy Sagnol, French footballer
• 1977 - Terrmel Sledge, American baseball player
• 1978 - Khalilah Adams, American actress
• 1978 - Yoshie Takeshita, Japanese volleyball player
• 1978 - Jan Bulis, Czech ice hockey player
• 1979 - Adam Levine, American singer (Maroon 5)
• 1979 - Brandon Lee, American porn star
• 1980 - Alexei Yagudin, Russian figure skater
• 1980 - Sophia Myles, English actress
• 1981 - Jang Nara, Korean singer and actress
• 1982 - Chad Cordero, American baseball player
• 1982 - Pedro Mantorras, Angolan footballer
• 1984 - Vonzell Solomon, American singer

[edit] Deaths

• 978 - King Edward the Martyr of England
• 1227 - Pope Honorius III (b. 1148)
• 1314 - Jacques DeMolay, Frankish noble, the 23rd Grand Master of the Knights Templar (b.1244)
• 1583 - King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540)
• 1584 - Tsar Ivan IV of Russia (b. 1530)
• 1675 - Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)
• 1689 - John Dixwell, English judge (b. 1607)
• 1696 - Robert Charnock, English conspirator
• 1745 - Sir Robert Walpole, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1676)
• 1746 - Anna Leopoldovna, regent of Russia (b. 1718)
• 1768 - Laurence Sterne, Irish writer (b. 1713)
• 1781 - Anne Robert Turgot, French statesman (b. 1727)
• 1823 - Jean-Baptiste Breval, French composer (b. 1753)
• 1835 - Christian Gunther von Bernstorff, Danish-Prussian statesman and diplomat (b. 1769)
• 1871 - Augustus De Morgan, Indian-born British mathematician and logician (b. 1806)
• 1898 - Matilda Joslyn Gage, American suffragist (b. 1826)
• 1907 - Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (b. 1827)
• 1913 - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
• 1936 - Eleutherios Venizelos, Former Prime minister of Greece
• 1939 - Henry Simpson Lunn, English humanitarian and religious leader (b. 1859)
• 1941 - Henri Cornet, French cyclist (b. 1884)
• 1947 - William C. Durant, American automobile pioneer (b. 1861)
• 1962 - Walter W. Bacon, Governor of Delaware (b. 1880)
• 1963 - Wanda Hawley, American actress (b. 1895)
• 1964 - Sigfrid Edström, Swedish sports official (b. 1870)
• 1965 - King Farouk I of Egypt (b. 1920)
• 1969 - Barbara Bates, American film actress (b. 1925)
• 1973 - Lauritz Melchior, Danish-born American opera singer (b. 1890)
• 1975 - Alain Grandbois, Quebec poet (b. 1900)
• 1977 - Marien Ngouabi, President of the Republic of the Congo (b. 1938)
• 1978 - Leigh Brackett, American author (b. 1915)
• 1978 - Peggy Wood, American actress (b. 1892)
• 1983 - King Umberto II of Italy, (b. 1904)
• 1983 - Kenneth E. Boulding, English economist (b. 1910)
• 1984 - Charlie Lau, American baseball player (b. 1933)
• 1986 - Bernard Malamud, American writer (b. 1914)
• 1988 - Billy Butterfield, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1917)
• 1990 - Robin Harris, American actor and comedian (b. 1953)
• 1995 - Robin Jacques, illustrator of children's books (b. 1920)
• 1996 - Odysseus Elytis, Greek poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
• 1999 - Elizabeth Huckaby, American educator (b. 1905)
• 2000 - Eberhard Bethge, German theologian (b. 1909)
• 2001 - John Phillips, American musician (The Mamas and the Papas) (b. 1935)
• 2002 - R.A. Lafferty, American science fiction writer (b. 1914)
• 2002 - Gösta Winbergh, Swedish tenor (b. 1943)
• 2003 - Karl Kling, German race car driver (b. 1910)
• 2003 - Adam Osborne, British computer pioneer (b. 1939)
• 2004 - Harrison McCain, Canadian businessman (b. 1927)
• 2006 - Bill Beutel, American journalist (b. 1930)
• 2006 - Dan Gibson, musician (b. 1922)
• 2007 - Bob Woolmer, English cricketer and Pakistan national coach (b. 1948)

[edit] Holidays and observances

• Aruba - Flag Day (1976)
• Ancient Latvia - Bindus Diena
• United States - National Biodiesel Day
• Mothers Day (Ireland, United Kingdom, Nigeria)
• Mexico - Expropiación Petrolera

[edit] Liturgical feasts

• Saint Cyril of Jerusalem (d.386)
• Saint Alexander of Jerusalem
• Saint Anselm
• Saint Edward the Martyr (d.978)
• Saint Narcissus
• Saint Salvator

[edit] External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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