La Solidaridad
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La Solidaridad was the name of the all-Filipino organization established by the illustrados of Barcelona on December 13, 1888, which sought to create Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes. It was also the name of the official publication of the organization.
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[edit] The Organization
Galicano Apacible was the first president of the La Solidaridad. With him were Graciano Lopez-Jaena as vice-president, Mariano Ponce as treasurer, and Jose Rizal, who was then in London, as Honorary President. Apacible did not remain long enough as president since could not hold the bickering reformists together anymore. What the organization needed were people like Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar who could reunite the sentiments of the Filipinos in Spain.
La Solidaridad was viewed as a rival organization for Miguel Morayta's Spanish Orient Lodge of Freemasonry. Later, the two organizations collaborated in their petition to the Minister of Colonies. Their petition were as follows:
- to have representation in the Spanish Cortes
- to abolish the censorship of the press
- to prohibit the practice of deportation of citizens through administrative orders
[edit] The Publication
Soon enough, on February 15, 1889, through Jaena, the La Solidaridad newspaper was created. It served as the principal organ of the Propaganda Movement for over five years, with its last issue released on November 15, 1895. To quote the editorial in the the first issue of La Solidaridad:
| “ | Our aspirations are modest, very modest. Our program, aside from being simple, is clear: to combat reaction, to stop all retrogressive steps, to extol and adopt liberal ideas, to defend progress; in a word, to be a propagandist, above all, of democratic ideas in order to make these supreme in all nations here and across the seas.
The aims, therefore, of La Solidaridad are described as to collect, to gather, libertarian ideas which are manifested daily in the field of politics, science, art, literature, commerce, agriculture and industry. We shall also discuss all problems relating to the general interest of the nation and seek solutions to those problems in high-level and democratic manner.[1] | ” |
The Solidaridad became successful through the contributions of Filipino writers in Barcelona, namely:
- Marcelo H. del Pilar (pseudonym: Plaridel)
- Jose Rizal (pseudonym: Laong Laan)
- Mariano Ponce (pseudonym: Naning, Kalipulako, Tikbalang)
- Antonio Luna (pseudonym: Taga-Ilog)
- Jose Ma. Panganiban (pseudonym: Jomapa)
- Pedro Paterno
- Antonio Ma. Regidor
- Isabelo de los Reyes
- Eduardo de Lete
- Jose Alejandrino
[edit] References
- ↑ Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People. Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.
- Sentenaryo '98: La Solidaridad. (accessed on 14 February 2008).
- Constantino, Renato. A Past Revisited. Quezon City: Tala Publications, 1975.
- Zaide, Sonia M. and Gregorio F. Zaide. The Philippines: A unique Nation. Manila: All-Nations Publishing, 1999.
[edit] External Links
- López Jaena, Graciano. "La Solidaridad: Our purposes." In Graciano López Jaena: Speeches, articles and letters. Translated and annotated by Encarnación Alzona. Manila, Philippines: National Historical Institute, 1994. Pp. 220-22.
- Lopez Jaena, Graciano. "Fray Botod: A sketch." In Graciano Lopez Jaena: Speeches, articles and letters. Translated and annotated by Encarnacion Alzona. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1994. pp. 195-219.
[edit] Citation
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